AZ GENERAL 44 MODERN HISTORY FOR BEGGINERS BY L HAMMOND AND L JOHN
From: "nick" (pizzalovingcriminals@no-spam)
Subject: Modern History for Begginers, by L.Hammond and L.John
Date: Sat, 28 Jun 2003 18:46:56 +0100


"Phxbrd" <phxbrd@no-spam> wrote in message
> I let LJs silly claim slide, but have thought better of it.

History and facts according to LJ and Phuxie.

1 Europeans were entirely to blame for the ethnic cleansing of the native Americans, the kind and friendly Americans never laid a finger on them.

2 Britain lost the Battle of Britain.

3 America banned slavery before England.

4 America never treated its negros as second class citizens, never made them sit at the back of the bus with all the luggage and animals etc.

5 Americans invented everything, even if they did it after everyone else,
they alone should get the credit.

6 Gun free Britain has far more crime that the US (just ignore all those dead people)

7 Living in a trailer in some remote part of Arizona is far better than living in a detached house in the London suburbs.

8 Aerosol cheese is a sensible food.

9 Having a latex lover is normal.

10 The people of Hawaii greeted the invading troops with open arms, and begged for their freedom and self determination to be taken off them.

11 Being obese is good.

12 Having rigged elections by right wing fascists is an example to the world in how to run a democracy.

13 Americans make everything.

14 Everybody in the world wants to be an American.


From: "Phxbrd" (phxbrd@no-spam)
Subject: Re: Modern History for Begginers, by L.Hammond and L.John
Date: Sat, 28 Jun 2003 18:45:09 GMT

"nick" <pizzalovingcriminals@no-spam> wrote in message news:kAkLa.607$n51.78392@no-spam >
> "Phxbrd" <phxbrd@no-spam> wrote in message >
> > I let LJs silly claim slide, but have thought better of it.
>
> History and facts according to LJ and Phuxie.
>
> 1 Europeans were entirely to blame for the ethnic cleansing of the native > Americans, the kind and friendly Americans never laid a finger on them.

Ignorant dickskinner engles pretend there are no more NAs even as they communicate(poorly) with them.

>
> 2 Britain lost the Battle of Britain.

As the world well knows.

>
> 3 America banned slavery before England.

America allowed blacks here as citizens long before they were finally allowed into blighted at all.

>
> 4 America never treated its negros as second class citizens, never made them > sit at the back of the bus with all the luggage and animals etc.

Much the same as they're now treated in Birmingham and other points odious.

>
> 5 Americans invented everything, even if they did it after everyone else,
> they alone should get the credit.

Still lying about the first computer? See Atanasoff-Berry
>
> 6 Gun free Britain has far more crime that the US (just ignore all those > dead people)

Why do so many criminals there seem to have guns while the dumbfuck lawful citizens do not?

>
> 7 Living in a trailer in some remote part of Arizona is far better than > living in a detached house in the London suburbs.

You rowhouse peasants have really come up in the world to finally have a house with it's own four walls, innit? Too bad the ugly fuckers have no insulation or central heating....

>
> 8 Aerosol cheese is a sensible food.

with nutritional values printed right on the side of the can.

>
> 9 Having a latex lover is normal.

and having a filthy engle slapper lover is disheartening and downright nasty.

>
> 10 The people of Hawaii greeted the invading troops with open arms, and > begged for their freedom and self determination to be taken off them.

Anything to rid themselves of royal brother fucking royal sister as though they were engle royalty producing more inbred goons.

>
> 11 Being obese is good.

and the result of plenty unknown on the brutish isles since Hector was a pup.

>
> 12 Having rigged elections by right wing fascists is an example to the world > in how to run a democracy.

I just voted you could eat me. Whoops, I almost forgot we live in a republic where we hire others to vote for us. You didn't know it at all,
despite the many times I've told you.

>
> 13 Americans make everything.

except excuses.

>
> 14 Everybody in the world wants to be an American.

That seems rather obvious, innit.


From: "photographer" (chrisphotographeruk@no-spam)
Subject: Re: Modern History for Begginers, by L.Hammond and L.John
Date: Sat, 28 Jun 2003 19:52:14 +0100

"Phxbrd" <phxbrd@no-spam> wrote in message news:VmlLa.69247$Io.6494315@no-spam >
> "nick" <pizzalovingcriminals@no-spam> wrote in message > news:kAkLa.607$n51.78392@no-spam > >
> > "Phxbrd" <phxbrd@no-spam> wrote in message
> >
> > 2 Britain lost the Battle of Britain.
>
> As the world well knows.

It seems you continually confuse your own pathetic microcosm of existence as being the world, Hammond.


From: Little John (jammin1@no-spam)
Subject: Re: Modern History for Begginers, by L.Hammond and L.John
Date: Sat, 28 Jun 2003 11:59:13 -0700

On Sat, 28 Jun 2003 18:46:56 +0100, in a fit of unbridled digital verbosity,
once again proving the problem is located between the seat and the keyboard,
"nick" <pizzalovingcriminals@no-spam> two-fingered to all:

|>
|>"Phxbrd" <phxbrd@no-spam> wrote in message |>
|>> I let LJs silly claim slide, but have thought better of it.
|>
|>History and facts according to LJ and Phuxie.
|>
|>1 Europeans were entirely to blame for the ethnic cleansing of the native |>Americans, the kind and friendly Americans never laid a finger on them.

You lie. Neither of us has EVER said that.

|>2 Britain lost the Battle of Britain.

Effectively, yes. That Germany didn't capitalize on your defeat does not mean you weren't defeated.

|>3 America banned slavery before England.

You lie. Neither of us has EVER said that.

|>4 America never treated its negros as second class citizens, never made them |>sit at the back of the bus with all the luggage and animals etc.

You lie. Neither of us has EVER said that.

|>5 Americans invented everything, even if they did it after everyone else,
|>they alone should get the credit.

You lie. Neither of us has EVER said that.

|>6 Gun free Britain has far more crime that the US (just ignore all those |>dead people)

Your crime rate is much greater than ours,

|>7 Living in a trailer in some remote part of Arizona is far better than |>living in a detached house in the London suburbs.

Absolutely.
|>8 Aerosol cheese is a sensible food.

You lie. Neither of us has EVER said that.

|>9 Having a latex lover is normal.

That's not been your claim. Your claim was that it was sleazy, yet you've been unable to provide any substance based on the definition of the word to back up your claim.

|>10 The people of Hawaii greeted the invading troops with open arms, and |>begged for their freedom and self determination to be taken off them.

You lie. Neither of us has EVER said that.

|>11 Being obese is good.

You lie. Neither of us has EVER said that.

|>12 Having rigged elections by right wing fascists is an example to the world |>in how to run a democracy.

You lie. Neither of us has EVER said that.

|>13 Americans make everything.

You lie. Neither of us has EVER said that.

|>14 Everybody in the world wants to be an American.

You lie. Neither of us has EVER said that. We claim only the intellegent ones wish this.

jammin1 at jammin1 dot com
If you ain't in bed by 11...Go home!


From: "nick" (pizzalovingcriminals@no-spam)
Subject: Re: Modern History for Begginers, by L.Hammond and L.John
Date: Sat, 28 Jun 2003 20:02:44 +0100

"Little John" <jammin1@no-spam> wrote in message
> |>> I let LJs silly claim slide, but have thought better of it.
> |>
> |>History and facts according to LJ and Phuxie.
> |>
> |>1 Europeans were entirely to blame for the ethnic cleansing of the native > |>Americans, the kind and friendly Americans never laid a finger on them.
>
> You lie. Neither of us has EVER said that.

Would you like me to remind you of your own words?

> |>2 Britain lost the Battle of Britain.
>
> Effectively, yes.

In the not acheiving their objectives and getting their planes shot down way?

> |>6 Gun free Britain has far more crime that the US (just ignore all those > |>dead people)
>
> Your crime rate is much greater than ours,

Lets compare murder, rape and attempted murder shall we?


From: "nick" (pizzalovingcriminals@no-spam)
Subject: Re: Modern History for Begginers, by L.Hammond and L.John
Date: Sat, 28 Jun 2003 20:10:32 +0100

"Phxbrd" <phxbrd@no-spam> wrote in message
> > > I let LJs silly claim slide, but have thought better of it.
> >
> > History and facts according to LJ and Phuxie.
> >
> > 1 Europeans were entirely to blame for the ethnic cleansing of the native > > Americans, the kind and friendly Americans never laid a finger on them.
>
> Ignorant dickskinner engles pretend there are no more NAs even as they > communicate(poorly) with them.

You are a self confessed engle are you not?

> > 2 Britain lost the Battle of Britain.
>
> As the world well knows.

Only your special little world.

> > 3 America banned slavery before England.
>
> America allowed blacks here as citizens long before they were finally > allowed into blighted at all.

And when did they get to go to the same schools as white people?

> > 4 America never treated its negros as second class citizens, never made > them > > sit at the back of the bus with all the luggage and animals etc.
>
> Much the same as they're now treated in Birmingham and other points odious.

Texas for example.

> > 5 Americans invented everything, even if they did it after everyone else,
> > they alone should get the credit.
>
> Still lying about the first computer?

> See Atanasoff-Berry... as an example of something that didn't work.

See useless paper weight.

> > 6 Gun free Britain has far more crime that the US (just ignore all those > > dead people)
>
> Why do so many criminals there seem to have guns while the dumbfuck lawful > citizens do not?

Because most guns are illegal?

> > 7 Living in a trailer in some remote part of Arizona is far better than > > living in a detached house in the London suburbs.
>
> You rowhouse peasants have really come up in the world to finally have a > house with it's own four walls, innit? Too bad the ugly fuckers have no > insulation or central heating....

or wheels.

> > 8 Aerosol cheese is a sensible food.
>
> with nutritional values printed right on the side of the can.

That shouldn't take up too much space.

> > 9 Having a latex lover is normal.
>
> and having a filthy engle slapper lover is disheartening and downright > nasty.

Why is it that only people with latex lovers say things like that?

> > 10 The people of Hawaii greeted the invading troops with open arms, and > > begged for their freedom and self determination to be taken off them.
>
> Anything to rid themselves of royal brother fucking royal sister as though > they were engle royalty producing more inbred goons.

Did they cheer as their freedom was taken away at gun point?

> > 11 Being obese is good.
>
> and the result of plenty unknown on the brutish isles since Hector was a > pup.

I blame the aerosol cheese.

> > 12 Having rigged elections by right wing fascists is an example to the > world > > in how to run a democracy.
>
> I just voted you could eat me. Whoops, I almost forgot we live in a > republic where we hire others to vote for us. You didn't know it at all,
> despite the many times I've told you.

Why even vote anyway, republican third world bombing fascist or democrat third world bombing fascist.

> > 13 Americans make everything.
>
> except excuses.

And decent cars, cloths, films...

> > 14 Everybody in the world wants to be an American.
>
> That seems rather obvious, innit.

Only to an American.


From: Little John (jammin1@no-spam)
Subject: Re: Modern History for Begginers, by L.Hammond and L.John
Date: Sat, 28 Jun 2003 18:32:57 -0700

On Sat, 28 Jun 2003 20:02:44 +0100, in a fit of unbridled digital verbosity,
once again proving the problem is located between the seat and the keyboard,
"nick" <pizzalovingcriminals@no-spam> two-fingered to all:

|>
|>"Little John" <jammin1@no-spam> wrote in message |>
|>> |>> I let LJs silly claim slide, but have thought better of it.
|>> |>
|>> |>History and facts according to LJ and Phuxie.
|>> |>
|>> |>1 Europeans were entirely to blame for the ethnic cleansing of the |>native |>> |>Americans, the kind and friendly Americans never laid a finger on them.
|>>
|>> You lie. Neither of us has EVER said that.
|>
|>Would you like me to remind you of your own words?

You can't. I've never said it.

|>> |>2 Britain lost the Battle of Britain.
|>>
|>> Effectively, yes.
|>
|>In the not acheiving their objectives and getting their planes shot down |>way?

Britain got a lot of their planes shot down. They got them shot down much quicker than they could replace them or the pilots needed to fly them.

Look, poo-boy. I've been trying to explain this to you. It's not said as a insult. It's just a fact. You were whipped. You didn't have the resources to continue the fight if Germany hadn't withdrawn when they did to concentrate their efforts on Russia, the real threat to them at the time. You guys did that
stiff upper lip thing, and with a lot of material help from the US, came back to
contribute mightily to the final destruction of Germany, again with a lot of help from the US - we'll leave Montgomery's blundering and posturing for another
discussion. I've always given you guys your props on this, but don't try to blow smoke up my ass. Germany had you whipped, and in a fit of stupidity walked
away, giving you the time to rebuild and give back as good as you ever got, and in some cases, better. Germany won the BoB, but didn't capitalize on it. That,

together with attacking Russia in winter and declaring war on the US was their ultimate undoing. The Brits and the Russians had the heart, the US had the industrial might. Together, we were unstoppable.

|>> |>6 Gun free Britain has far more crime that the US (just ignore all those |>> |>dead people)
|>>
|>> Your crime rate is much greater than ours,
|>
|>Lets compare murder, rape and attempted murder shall we?

You're trying to do the poo-shuffle again. You said crime, not specific subsets, but crime, as in the whole enchilada. You can't change the argument after you've declared the parameters. I'd just about bet you were the kid that took his ball and went home when everyone else insisted on playing by the established rules instead of the make 'em up as you go rules you like, weren't you?

jammin1 at jammin1 dot com
If you ain't in bed by 11...Go home!


From: "Ken Johnson" (kenneth.johnson.NO@no-spam)
Subject: Re: Modern History for Begginers, by L.Hammond and L.John
Date: Sun, 29 Jun 2003 07:40:17 GMT

"nick" <pizzalovingcriminals@no-spam> wrote in message news:kAkLa.607$n51.78392@no-spam
> History and facts according to LJ and Phuxie.

Well said.

Ken Johnson

From: "photographer" (chrisphotographeruk@no-spam)
Subject: Re: Modern History for Begginers, by L.Hammond and L.John
Date: Sun, 29 Jun 2003 10:43:49 +0100

"Little John" <jammin1@no-spam> wrote in message news:kjfsfvgeka9ovi2hctbva2kuar04ddvcfc@no-spam
>
> Britain got a lot of their planes shot down. They got them shot down much > quicker than they could replace them or the pilots needed to fly them.
>

Sorry LJ, but whilst you are correct to say that was the case in the early days of the Battle of Britain, it was not in its later stages. Beaverbrook had production up and the Luftwaffe were taking heavy losses. Indeed at the close of the battle the Luftwaffe had lost far more aircraft and pilots than the RAF did. Goring's Eagle Day turned out to be a shambles on his part.
Goring had convinced Hitler that he could destroy the RAF and hence deny the Royal Navy air support. This would have given a better chance to the invasion. I will agree that we were lucky to have Goring commanding the Luftwaffe as he was not up to the task. But that is the way wars are fought and not an indication of Britain having lost. I had family involved and was lucky enough to discuss events with them. I have also spoken to German pilots and have read documents were, in the later stages, they knew that they were not winning.

> Look, poo-boy. I've been trying to explain this to you. It's not said as a > insult. It's just a fact. You were whipped. You didn't have the resources to > continue the fight if Germany hadn't withdrawn when they did to concentrate > their efforts on Russia, the real threat to them at the time.

There is far more to it than that, LJ. See a previous post I made to that prat Hammond.


From: Little John (jammin1@no-spam)
Subject: Re: Modern History for Begginers, by L.Hammond and L.John
Date: Sun, 29 Jun 2003 03:37:34 -0700

On Sun, 29 Jun 2003 10:43:49 +0100, in a fit of unbridled digital verbosity,
once again proving the problem is located between the seat and the keyboard,
"photographer" <chrisphotographeruk@no-spam> two-fingered to all:

|>
|>"Little John" <jammin1@no-spam> wrote in message |>news:kjfsfvgeka9ovi2hctbva2kuar04ddvcfc@no-spam |>
|>>
|>> Britain got a lot of their planes shot down. They got them shot down much |>> quicker than they could replace them or the pilots needed to fly them.
|>>
|>
|>Sorry LJ, but whilst you are correct to say that was the case in the early |>days of the Battle of Britain, it was not in its later stages. Beaverbrook |>had production up and the Luftwaffe were taking heavy losses.
Yes, they were able to replace planes at speed during the latter part of the BoB, but not experienced pilots. The lack of experienced pilots meant that every day would see more RAF losses, and fewer Luftwaffe loss. And, the Luftwaffe had more planes and more experienced pilots to work with during the entire process, not to mention greater training resources on several fronts to insure the blooding of their pilots before they were sent across the channel.

|>Indeed at the |>close of the battle the Luftwaffe had lost far more aircraft and pilots than |>the RAF did.
This is to be expected. The Luftwaffe pilots and crews had to fly across the channel to reach the objective. This results it two major disadvantages.
First, any plane damaged but not destroyed during its time over Britain, still had to make its way safely back across the channel. Second, when an RAF pilot was shot down over Britain, it was a simple matter of hitching a ride back to base. The opposite cannot be said for the Luftwaffe crews/pilots.

|>Goring's Eagle Day turned out to be a shambles on his part.
|>Goring had convinced Hitler that he could destroy the RAF and hence deny the |>Royal Navy air support.
There were many German blunders involved, including the failure to capitalize on
having beaten your forces down. Note I said down, not out.
|>This would have given a better chance to the |>invasion. I will agree that we were lucky to have Goring commanding the |>Luftwaffe as he was not up to the task. But that is the way wars are fought |>and not an indication of Britain having lost.
That's why I keep saying nobody actually won. Germany had beaten your forces to
the point that a real, all out assault would have been too much for them. They had the forces in place. Yet, they failed to capitalize on this fact, withdrew the forces and sent them to Russia, and added one more stake in the heart of their eventual loss. It is, I believe, their greatest blunder of the war.
German arrogance cost them the victory.
|>I had family involved and was |>lucky enough to discuss events with them. I have also spoken to German |>pilots and have read documents were, in the later stages, they knew that |>they were not winning.
|>
|>> Look, poo-boy. I've been trying to explain this to you. It's not said as |>a |>> insult. It's just a fact. You were whipped. You didn't have the |>resources to |>> continue the fight if Germany hadn't withdrawn when they did to |>concentrate |>> their efforts on Russia, the real threat to them at the time.
|>
|>There is far more to it than that, LJ. See a previous post I made to that |>prat Hammond.

I've no argument with that. I know there's more to it, but didn't have the time
or desire to detail it, particularly when attempting any kind of real debate with troll-boy poo, since real debate is impossible with him.
jammin1 at jammin1 dot com
If you ain't in bed by 11...Go home!


From: "nick" (pizzalovingcriminals@no-spam)
Subject: Re: Modern History for Begginers, by L.Hammond and L.John
Date: Sun, 29 Jun 2003 11:38:21 +0100

"Little John" <jammin1@no-spam> wrote in message
" The lack of experienced pilots meant that every day would see more RAF losses, and fewer Luftwaffe loss."

"when an RAF pilot was shot down over Britain, it was a simple matter of hitching a ride back to base. The opposite cannot be said for the Luftwaffe crews/pilots."

Neat self slap.

> That's why I keep saying nobody actually won.

We won.

> I've no argument with that. I know there's more to it, but didn't have the time > or desire to detail it, particularly when attempting any kind of real debate > with troll-boy poo, since real debate is impossible with him.

Because you keep losing.


From: "photographer" (chrisphotographeruk@no-spam)
Subject: Re: Modern History for Begginers, by L.Hammond and L.John
Date: Sun, 29 Jun 2003 17:31:31 +0100

"Little John" <jammin1@no-spam> wrote in message news:f8etfvgl0gmdarqvbll7279baeu5fbfu3f@no-spam
I have to respectfully disagree, LJ. Though I take into account with whom you were sparring with;-) Whilst I am not one to say that Germany was defeated I am inclined to conclude that Britain did win the offensive that became known as 'The Battle of Britain'. You could say that we did not defeat Hitler but we did defeat Goering;-) Towards the end of BOB many Luftwaffe pilots were voicing doubts as to their ability to win. The failure of Goering to take out the RADAR installations was fatal for the Luftwaffe.
In many ways Hitler's decision to attack Russia was, in part, a response to his failure to defeat the British in the Battle of Britain. Whilst he would have taken the opportunity to invade Britain, it is true that he was never 100% for such an endeavour. It took the failure of the Luftwaffe to destroy the RAF to fully tip the balance. I have posted below a section from 'The Battle of Britain :The Myth and Reality' by Richard Overy. Pages 121 - 126

It is evident that Hitler's view of the British problem did not alter a great deal between the summer of 1940 and the spring of 1941. The air battles of August and September 1940 were regarded from the German side as just one part of a campaign that lasted almost a year to find ways of bringing sufficient pressure on Britain to get her to give up.

The campaign included a political offensive to persuade Spain and Italy to collaborate in destroying Britain's precarious military position in the Mediter­ranean and North Africa (an effort that stumbled on Franco's refusal to join the war, and Mussolini's decision, kept secret from Hitler, to move into the Balkans instead by invading Greece in October 1940).

The naval war, which grew into what became known as the Battle of the Atlantic, developed as a blockade strategy largely independent of the invasion operation, and one that pushed the British war effort to its limit long after the Battle of Britain. Invasion itself was always just one option, and one for which Hitler himself had deep reservations.

It is open to debate whether the air battle of the autumn of 1940 was the decisive factor affecting the German decision whether or not to invade.
There were other reasons for delaying. It is often forgotten that there stood more than an air force between Hitler and conquest of Britain.

The German Navy was heavily outnumbered by the Royal Navy, even one stretched taut by the demands of other theatres. The German Navy as a result always remained half-hearted about the whole operation, and made its views felt throughout the weeks of preparation. The British army may not have been a match for the German army in the field, but it also represented a con­siderable threat to a landing attempt.

The German army leadership undertook what preparations they could, but they were faced with an operation for which there was simply no precedent in German military history, and one for which preparation was at best improvised. General Gunther von Blumentritt, an army staff officer assigned to Operation Sealion, later described the preparations carried out in 1940
as woefully inadequate: 'It must not be forgotten that we Germans are a continental people,' he wrote. 'We knew far too little of England. We knew literally nothing of amphibious operations. At the time we were preparing Sealion plans accounts of the cam­paigns of Caesar, Britanicus and William the Conqueror were being studied. . .'~ Above all, the German leadership recognized, as the western Allies were to realize in the invasion of Normandy four years later, that defeat would be a political and military catastrophe. 'It is imperative,' wrote General Alfred Jodi, Hitler's Chief of Operations, in August 1940, 'that no matter what might happen the operation dare not fail."

There need be no doubt that under the right circum­stances Hitler was serious about invading Britain in 1940. There remained, none the less, a genuine ambivalence in his attitude to the British problem. He understood how difficult the practical questions were and was keen to avoid 'risky experiments' and 'high losses'. He confessed to an audience of Party bosses that he was 'shy of the water', which may explain why he listened so closely to what Raeder and the navy had to say in 1940.11

He wanted invasion to be foolproof, 'absolutely assured'. He kept the door open to a political settlement: 'Even today the Fuehrer is still ready to negotiate peace with Britain,' ran the minutes of a Führer conference in January 1941.12

Hitler's view of Britain is well known: a curious blend of envy and admiration, of contempt for her current state of decadence and respect for a famous history. In his memoirs Adolf Galland recalled a conversation with Hitler when he came to Berlin from the air battle in September 1940 to collect Germany's highest military award, the oak leaves to the Knight's Cross.

Alone with Hitler, Galland told him the unalloyed truth about how tough air combat against Britain had proved to be. Instead of the diatribe of contradiction he had expected, Hitler explained his respect for the Anglo-Saxon peoples, his regret at the life-and-death struggle between the two states - the 'world-historical tragedy' that now promised only total destruction where there might have been fruitful collaboration.'3

It is evident that not a lot was needed to deter Hitler from the idea of invading Britain. Fighter Command tipped the scales. The failure to destroy the Royal Air Force ruled out the possibility of a cheap, quick end to the war in the west and kept alive an armed anti-Axis presence in Europe.

The full significance of this outcome was not realized on the British side as the air battle shifted to its new and more deadly phase from September 1940. But when Dowding forwarded to the Air Ministry in mid-November a report on the previous two months of air fighting compiled by Air Vice-Marshal Park, he began at last to develop some sense of what his force had now achieved:

''the point to remember is that the losses sustained by the enemy were so great that heavy day attacks by bombers were brought to a standstill and that the Command did, in fact, win a notable victory; since, if the attacks had not been brought to a standstill, the invasion would have been facilitated and the war might well have been lost.'4''

It is this achievement that came to be described as the Battle of Britain.
Victory in this narrow but important sense has been explained in many ways.
German airmen were at a disad­vantage attacking over enemy territory with very limited fighter range. Fighter Command was able to draw on the resources of the other nine-tenths of the British Isles outside the range of the Me 109.

Even if the forward airfields had been lost permanently, British fighter forces could still have been deployed from bases further inland, though they might then have taken a lower toll of the enemy bomber force. The German fighter force became tied to the bomber stream as the battle drew on,
limiting its radius of action and manoeuvrability without afford­ing the bombers real security from attack on the way out or the way back. All the time Fighter Command was improving the means to identify and engage the enemy through radar and signals intelligence.

In a great many respects, however, the two forces were remarkably matched.
Both commanded a small group of committed, highly trained and courageous pilots; both forces responded with considerable tactical ingenuity to sudden changes of direction in the course of the battle; both exploited fighter aircraft at the cutting edge of aviation technology; both forces fought the battle with Operational commanders of real distinction - Dowding and Park,
Kesseiring and Sperrie.

There were periods in the battle that favoured the German side, others in which Fighter Command began to exact a higher toll. Every small technical or tactical drawback suffered by one force can be matched by problems experienced by the other.

The contest was not, of course, a draw. German air fleets did not gain air supremacy over southern Britain, for all their skill and technical competence. Two factors gave the edge to the
R.A.F: the balance of forces between the two sides, and the role of intelligence.

For the whole of the battle period, the British aircraft industry out produced the German by a considerable margin. This allowed a continuous flow of replacements to compensate for the higher loss rates sustained by Fighter Command. The Command grew steadily stronger between June and October. On 19
June there were 548 operationally ready fighters (with 200 more ready for the following day); on 31 October there were 729 ready to fly, 370 in store at a day's notice, and a further no at four days'.'5 German levels of production and serviceability were too low to establish an effective numerical superiority. German fighters flew in large groups with the bombers, which gave an impression of overwhelming numbers, while Fighter Command aircraft were divided between Groups, not all of which were in the front line. But Dowding's system of rotation ensured that most squadrons saw service in southern England, and that each German attack was met in sufficient force to exact casualties.

The balance of pilots was also more favourable than the legend of the 'few'
suggests. German single-engined fighter pilots available for the battle remained below the British figure throughout the three months of combat. The impact of regular fighting under difficult conditions eroded combat numbers.

At the beginning of September only 74 per cent of German fighter pilots were operation­ally ready, and that month pilot losses reached almost one-quarter of the force, 23.1 per cent.'6

Moreover, and importantly, German pilots and aircrew were lost to the battle if they were shot down and captured on British soil. Between i July and 31
October, 967 prisoners were taken and 638 bodies definitely identified. The POWs were found to be experienced pilots. Only two had been trained since the war. The oldest was fifty-one years old, a veteran of the First World War; the oddest was the 47-year-old Oberleutnant Haffi von Wedel, a Berlin his­tory professor recruited to write the air force official history, who was permitted to fly in combat to give his scholarship a practical foundation. He was shot down on his twenty-fourth mission.'7 The pre-war origin of the pilot population suggests that the German Air Force suffered the loss during the battle of a high proportion of its cadre force. Nor was there to be any heroic break-out from POW camps; three-quarters of those captured were shipped overseas to Canada.'8

The true balance of forces was never properly under­stood on either side.
The result was a mutual mispercep­tion that played a critical part in the conduct of the battle. Throughout the summer, indeed ever since the outbreak of war, German Air Intelligence, run by Colonel Josef 'Beppo' Schmidt, had greatly underestimated the size of the RAF and the scale of British aircraft production. Across the Channel the Air Intelligence division of the Air Ministry consistently overestimated the size of the German air enemy and the productive capacity of the German aviation industry. As the battle was fought, both sides exaggerated the losses inflicted on the other by an equally wide margin. However, the intelligence picture formed before the battle encouraged the German Air Force to believe that such losses pushed Fighter Com­mand to the very edge of defeat, while the exaggerated picture of German air strength persuaded the RA F that the threat it faced was larger and more dangerous than was actually the case.

German misperception encouraged first complacency, then strategic misjudgement. The shift of targets from air bases to industry and communications was taken because it was assumed that Fighter Command was virtually elim­inated. On 16 September, the day after the mauling inflicted on the daylight bomber raids against London, Goering announced that Fighter Command had just 177 operational aircraft left. German Air Intelligence esti­mated that there were only 300 British fighters left altogether,
including reserves, and a monthly output of 250.

On 19 September Fighter Command had an actual operational strength of 656;
there were 202 aircraft in immediate reserve, 226 in preparation; output of fighters between 7 September and 5 October was 428.'

The dis­crepancy was critical. German airmen were ordered to fight in September as if Fighter Command had been all but eliminated; the reality was a level of attrition so high that the German Air Force could not sustain it for more than a few weeks. The casualties of this paradox were German aircrew who fought a battle that bore little relation to the one their commanders told them to expect.

Fighter Command, on the other hand, could not afford to be complacent. The high losses inflicted on the German Air Force reduced the threat, but as long as it was assumed that the enemy was much stronger there could be no question of relaxing any particle of effort. In the western intelligence community there existed a profound misap­prehension of the scale and character of the German air fleets, even though by August details were being supplied regularly from 'Ultra' decrypts of German Air Force Enigma traffic.
For a long time it was assumed that each German squadron was stronger than it actually was because the balance between reserves and operational aircraft had not been properly understood.

American air intelligence officers calculated German aircraft output at around 26,000 in 1940, rising to 42,000 in 1941, with at least 31,000 pilots trained between July 1939 and December 1940 to fly them; German first-line combat strength was estimated at 11,000, with 100 per cent reserves. British estimates were more modest than this: Air Intelligence suggested output of 24,400 aircraft in 1940, and a front-line strength of 5,800 in August. The true figures were far below these estimates. Aircraft output was in fact only 10,247 in 1940 and 12,401 in 1941; German Air Force first-line strength in September 1940 was 3,051 aircraft of all types, of which 2,054 (68 per cent) were serviceable. Of this figure approximately 8o per cent was used for the assault on Britain.20 Some intelligence esti­mates were better than others (the Ministry of Economic Warfare was spot on with an estimate of 3,000 front-line strength, but was disregarded by the airmen). Not until the spring of 1941 did estimates begin to approach reality. The British fought the air battle as if it were a last-ditch struggle against an overwhelming enemy; the German side fought against a force persistently misrepresented as technically and tactically inept, short of aircraft, pilots and bases. This psychological contrast put the German Air Force at a perpetual disadvantage.

The German failure to win air supremacy was beyond doubt by October as the air conflict slowly subsided. German losses greatly exceeded those of the RAF because of the vulnerability of bombers and dive-bombers. Between 10
July and 31 October the RAF lost 915 aircraft, the German Air Force 1,733.
Losses on both sides were soon made good. The outcome was technically a stalemate. British forces had little prospect of re-entering Continental Europe; German forces could not, under present circumstances, invade or occupy Britain.


From: Elvis on Line (songs@no-spam)
Subject: Re: Modern History for Begginers, by L.Hammond and L.John
Date: Mon, 30 Jun 2003 02:01:21 GMT

nick wrote:
> "Phxbrd" <phxbrd@no-spam> wrote in message > > >>I let LJs silly claim slide, but have thought better of it.
> > > History and facts according to LJ and Phuxie.
> > 1 Europeans were entirely to blame for the ethnic cleansing of the native > Americans, the kind and friendly Americans never laid a finger on them.
> > 2 Britain lost the Battle of Britain.
> > 3 America banned slavery before England.
> > 4 America never treated its negros as second class citizens, never made them > sit at the back of the bus with all the luggage and animals etc.
> > 5 Americans invented everything, even if they did it after everyone else,
> they alone should get the credit.
> > 6 Gun free Britain has far more crime that the US (just ignore all those > dead people)
> > 7 Living in a trailer in some remote part of Arizona is far better than > living in a detached house in the London suburbs.
> > 8 Aerosol cheese is a sensible food.
> > 9 Having a latex lover is normal.
> > 10 The people of Hawaii greeted the invading troops with open arms, and > begged for their freedom and self determination to be taken off them.
> > 11 Being obese is good.
> > 12 Having rigged elections by right wing fascists is an example to the world > in how to run a democracy.
> > 13 Americans make everything.
> > 14 Everybody in the world wants to be an American.
> > Why does everyone in the world want to be an American? Even those who claim they don't want to be American, post to American news groups.


From: Little John (jammin1@no-spam)
Subject: Re: Modern History for Begginers, by L.Hammond and L.John
Date: Mon, 30 Jun 2003 20:07:49 -0700

On Sun, 29 Jun 2003 17:31:31 +0100, in a fit of unbridled digital verbosity,
once again proving the problem is located between the seat and the keyboard,
"photographer" <chrisphotographeruk@no-spam> two-fingered to all:

|>
|>"Little John" <jammin1@no-spam> wrote in message |>news:f8etfvgl0gmdarqvbll7279baeu5fbfu3f@no-spam |>
|>I have to respectfully disagree, LJ. Though I take into account with whom |>you were sparring with;-)
Which should have been enough for you to know you didn't really need to write all of the below, but I appreciate you taking the time. :-)

|>Whilst I am not one to say that Germany was |>defeated I am inclined to conclude that Britain did win the offensive that |>became known as 'The Battle of Britain'.
I'm still more inclined to say nobody won it. IMO, and you seem to agree, on many points, Britain survived, getting by with a little help from their friends,

to borrow from a famous Brit, because of German blundering.

|>You could say that we did not |>defeat Hitler but we did defeat Goering;-) Towards the end of BOB many |>Luftwaffe pilots were voicing doubts as to their ability to win. The failure |>of Goering to take out the RADAR installations was fatal for the Luftwaffe.
|>In many ways Hitler's decision to attack Russia was, in part, a response to |>his failure to defeat the British in the Battle of Britain.
Except Germany started moving stuff toward Russia, gearing up for the historical
repeat of the Napoleanic blunder, at the same time that they started the BoB.

Thanks for the rest of the post. I haven't had time to read the whole thing,
but I'll hang on to it til I do.

jammin1 at jammin1 dot com
If you ain't in bed by 11...Go home!


From: "nick" (pizzalovingcriminals@no-spam)
Subject: Re: Modern History for Begginers, by L.Hammond and L.John
Date: Tue, 1 Jul 2003 08:03:14 +0100

"Little John" <jammin1@no-spam> wrote in message
> |>Whilst I am not one to say that Germany was > |>defeated I am inclined to conclude that Britain did win the offensive that > |>became known as 'The Battle of Britain'.
>
> I'm still more inclined to say nobody won it.

Who achieved their objective, who didn't?